The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security must be enabled when connected to a private network.

From Windows Firewall with Advanced Security Security Technical Implementation Guide

Part of Windows Firewall Private - Enable Firewall

SV-54849r2_rule The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security must be enabled when connected to a private network.

Vulnerability discussion

A firewall provides a line of defense against attack. To be effective, it must be enabled and properly configured. This setting enables the firewall when connected to a private network.

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The preferred method of configuring the firewall settings is with a policy, particularly in a domain environment. Configure the policy value for Computer Configuration -> Windows Settings -> Security Settings -> Windows Firewall with Advanced Security -> Windows Firewall with Advanced Security -> Windows Firewall Properties (this link will be in the right pane) -> Private Profile Tab -> State, "Firewall state" to "On (recommended)". In addition to using policies, systems may also be configured using the firewall GUI or Netsh commands. These methods may be more appropriate for standalone systems. The configuration settings in the GUI are the same as those specified in the policy above. Windows Firewall Properties will be a link in the center pane after opening Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. The following Netsh commands may also be used to configure this setting: "Netsh advfirewall set privateprofile state on". Or "Netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state on".

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