SQL Server must generate Trace or Audit records for organization-defined auditable events.

From MS SQL Server 2014 Database Security Technical Implementation Guide

Part of SRG-APP-000089-DB-000064

Associated with: CCI-000169

SV-81849r2_rule SQL Server must generate Trace or Audit records for organization-defined auditable events.

Vulnerability discussion

Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., network interface, hard disk, modem, etc.). From an application perspective, certain specific application functionalities may be audited as well.The list of audited events is the set of events for which audits are to be generated. This set of events is typically a subset of the list of all events for which the system is capable of generating audit records. Examples are auditable events, time stamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked.Organizations define which application components shall provide auditable events.The DBMS must provide auditing for the list of events defined by the organization or risk negatively impacting forensic investigations into malicious behavior in the information system.Use of SQL Server Audit is recommended. All features of SQL Server Audit are available in the Enterprise and Developer editions of SQL Server 2014. It is not available at the database level in other editions. For this or legacy reasons, the instance may be using SQL Server Trace for auditing, which remains an acceptable solution for the time being. Note, however, that Microsoft intends to remove most aspects of Trace at some point after SQL Server 2016.

Check content

If there are no locally-defined security tables or procedures, this is not applicable. If neither SQL Server Audit nor SQL Server Trace is in use for audit purposes, this is a finding. If SQL Server Trace is in use for audit purposes, verify that all required events are being audited. From the query prompt: SELECT * FROM sys.traces; All currently defined traces for the SQL server instance will be listed. If no traces are returned, this is a finding. Determine the trace(s) being used for the auditing requirement. In the following, replace # with a trace ID being used for the auditing requirements. From the query prompt: SELECT DISTINCT(eventid) FROM sys.fn_trace_geteventinfo(#); The following required event IDs should all be among those listed; if not, this is a finding. Any additional events locally defined should also be in the list; if not, this is a finding. 14 -- Audit Login 15 -- Audit Logout 16 -- Attention 17 -- ExistingConnection 18 -- Audit Server Starts and Stops 20 -- Audit Login Failed 42 -- SP:Starting 43 -- SP:Completed 46 -- Object:Created 47 -- Object:Deleted 90 -- User-defined Event 102 -- Audit Database Scope GDR Event 103 -- Audit Object GDR Event 104 -- Audit AddLogin Event 105 -- Audit Login GDR Event 106 -- Audit Login Change Property Event 107 -- Audit Login Change Password Event 108 -- Audit Add Login to Server Role Event 109 -- Audit Add DB User Event 110 -- Audit Add Member to DB Role Event 111 -- Audit Add Role Event 112 -- Audit App Role Change Password Event 113 -- Audit Statement Permission Event 115 -- Audit Backup/Restore Event 116 -- Audit DBCC Event 117 -- Audit Change Audit Event 118 -- Audit Object Derived Permission Event 128 -- Audit Database Management Event 129 -- Audit Database Object Management Event 130 -- Audit Database Principal Management Event 131 -- Audit Schema Object Management Event 132 -- Audit Server Principal Impersonation Event 133 -- Audit Database Principal Impersonation Event 134 -- Audit Server Object Take Ownership Event 135 -- Audit Database Object Take Ownership Event 152 -- Audit Change Database Owner 153 -- Audit Schema Object Take Ownership Event 162 -- User error message 164 -- Object:Altered 170 -- Audit Server Scope GDR Event 171 -- Audit Server Object GDR Event 172 -- Audit Database Object GDR Event 173 -- Audit Server Operation Event 175 -- Audit Server Alter Trace Event 176 -- Audit Server Object Management Event 177 -- Audit Server Principal Management Event 178 -- Audit Database Operation Event 180 -- Audit Database Object Access Event If SQL Server Audit is in use, proceed as follows. The basic SQL Server Audit configuration provided in the supplemental file Audit.sql uses broad, server-level audit action groups for this purpose. SQL Server Audit's flexibility makes other techniques possible. If an alternative technique is in use and demonstrated effective, this is not a finding. Determine the name(s) of the server audit specification(s) in use. To look at audits and audit specifications, in Management Studio's object explorer, expand >> Security >> Audits and >> Security >> Server Audit Specifications. Also, >> Databases >> >> Security >> Database Audit Specifications. Alternatively, review the contents of the system views with "audit" in their names. Run the following code to verify that all configuration-related actions are being audited: USE [master]; GO SELECT * FROM sys.server_audit_specification_details WHERE server_specification_id = (SELECT server_specification_id FROM sys.server_audit_specifications WHERE [name] = ''); GO Examine the list produced by the query. If the audited_result column is not "SUCCESS AND FAILURE" on every row, this is a finding. If any of the following audit action groups is not included in the list, this is a finding. APPLICATION_ROLE_CHANGE_PASSWORD_GROUP AUDIT_CHANGE_GROUP BACKUP_RESTORE_GROUP DATABASE_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_OBJECT_ACCESS_GROUP DATABASE_OBJECT_OWNERSHIP_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_OBJECT_PERMISSION_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_OPERATION_GROUP DATABASE_OWNERSHIP_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_PERMISSION_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_CHANGE_GROUP DATABASE_PRINCIPAL_IMPERSONATION_GROUP DATABASE_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP DBCC_GROUP FAILED_LOGIN_GROUP LOGIN_CHANGE_PASSWORD_GROUP LOGOUT_GROUP SCHEMA_OBJECT_ACCESS_GROUP SCHEMA_OBJECT_CHANGE_GROUP SCHEMA_OBJECT_OWNERSHIP_CHANGE_GROUP SCHEMA_OBJECT_PERMISSION_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_OBJECT_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_OBJECT_OWNERSHIP_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_OBJECT_PERMISSION_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_OPERATION_GROUP SERVER_PERMISSION_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_PRINCIPAL_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_PRINCIPAL_IMPERSONATION_GROUP SERVER_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP SERVER_STATE_CHANGE_GROUP SUCCESSFUL_LOGIN_GROUP TRACE_CHANGE_GROUP

Fix text

Design and deploy a SQL Server Audit or Trace that captures all auditable events. The script provided in the supplemental file Trace.sql can be used to create a trace; edit it as necessary to capture any additional, locally-defined events. The script provided in the supplemental file Audit.sql can be used to create an audit; edit it as necessary to capture any additional, locally-defined events.

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