SQL Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the database(s).

From MS SQL Server 2016 Database Security Technical Implementation Guide

Part of SRG-APP-000380-DB-000360

Associated with: CCI-001813

SV-93817r1_rule SQL Server must enforce access restrictions associated with changes to the configuration of the database(s).

Vulnerability discussion

Failure to provide logical access restrictions associated with changes to configuration may have significant effects on the overall security of the system. When dealing with access restrictions pertaining to change control, it should be noted that any changes to the hardware, software, and/or firmware components of the information system can potentially have significant effects on the overall security of the system. Accordingly, only qualified and authorized individuals should be allowed to obtain access to system components for the purposes of initiating changes, including upgrades and modifications.

Check content

Obtain a list of users who have privileged role memberships in the database. Execute the following query to obtain a list of users and roles and their respective role memberships. SELECT p.name AS Principal, p.type_desc AS Type, r.name AS Role FROM sys.database_principals p INNER JOIN sys.database_role_members rm ON p.principal_id = rm.member_principal_id INNER JOIN sys.database_principals r ON rm.role_principal_id = r.principal_id WHERE r.name = 'db_owner' UNION ALL SELECT l.name AS Principal, l.type_desc AS Type, 'dbo' AS Role FROM sys.databases d INNER JOIN sys.server_principals l ON d.owner_sid = l.sid WHERE d.name = DB_NAME() Review the server documentation to verify the users and roles returned are authorized. If any users and/or roles are not documented and authorized, this is a finding.

Fix text

Remove unauthorized users from roles: ALTER ROLE DROP MEMBER user; https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189775.aspx Set the owner of the database to an authorized login: ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON database::DatabaseName TO login; https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187359.aspx

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