Access to database files must be limited to relevant processes and to authorized, administrative users.

From MS SQL Server 2016 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide

Part of SRG-APP-000243-DB-000374

Associated with: CCI-001090

SV-93921r1_rule Access to database files must be limited to relevant processes and to authorized, administrative users.

Vulnerability discussion

SQL Server must prevent unauthorized and unintended information transfer via shared system resources. Permitting only SQL Server processes and authorized, administrative users to have access to the files where the database resides helps ensure that those files are not shared inappropriately and are not open to backdoor access and manipulation.

Check content

Review the permissions granted to users by the operating system/file system on the database files, database log files, and database backup files. Obtain the SQL Server database files, database log files, and database backup files location by running the following SQL script: DECLARE @HkeyLocal nvarchar(18) DECLARE @MSSqlServerRegPath nvarchar(31) declare @InstanceRegPath sysname SELECT @HkeyLocal=N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE' SELECT @MSSqlServerRegPath=N'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer' SELECT @InstanceRegPath=@MSSqlServerRegPath + N'\MSSQLServer' EXEC xp_instance_regread @HkeyLocal, @InstanceRegPath, N'BackupDirectory' EXEC xp_instance_regread @HkeyLocal, @InstanceRegPath, N'DefaultData' EXEC xp_instance_regread @HkeyLocal, @InstanceRegPath, N'DefaultLog' Verify that each folder has the correct permissions by doing the following: Navigate to audit folder location(s) using a command prompt or Windows Explorer. Right-click the file/folder and click "Properties". On the Security tab, if any user/role who is not an authorized system administrator with a need to know or database administrator with a need to know, or a system account for running DBMS processes, is permitted to read/view any of these files, this is a finding.

Fix text

Configure the permissions granted by the operating system/file system on the database files, database log files, and database backup files so that only relevant system accounts and authorized system administrators and database administrators with a need to know are permitted to read/view these files. The following link provides the minimum permissions needed for these files: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143504.aspx#Service.

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