From Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide
Part of SRG-APP-000097-DB-000041
Associated with: CCI-000132
Information system auditing capability is critical for accurate forensic analysis. Audit record content that may be necessary to satisfy the requirement of this control includes: timestamps, source and destination addresses, user/process identifiers, event descriptions, success/fail indications, file names involved, and access control or flow control rules invoked.
Verify, using vendor and system documentation if necessary, that the DBMS is configured to use Oracle's auditing features, or that a third-party product or custom code is deployed and configured to satisfy this requirement. If a third-party product or custom code is used, compare its current configuration with the audit requirements. If any of the requirements is not covered by the configuration, this is a finding. The remainder of this Check is applicable specifically where Oracle auditing is in use. If Standard Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command: SHOW PARAMETER AUDIT_TRAIL or the following SQL query: SELECT * FROM SYS.V$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = 'audit_trail'; If Oracle returns the value 'NONE', this is a finding. To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish where events occurred, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.AUD$ table or the audit file, whichever is in use. If no DB ID or Object Creator (standard audit) or Object Schema (unified audit) or Object Name, or the wrong values, are returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding. If correct values for User Host and Terminal are not returned when applicable, this is a finding. If Unified Auditing is used: To see if Oracle is configured to capture audit data, enter the following SQL*Plus command: SELECT * FROM V$OPTION WHERE PARAMETER = 'Unified Auditing'; If Oracle returns the value "TRUE", this is not a finding. To confirm that Oracle audit is capturing sufficient information to establish where events occurred, perform a successful auditable action and an auditable action that results in an SQL error, and then view the results in the SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL view. If no DB ID or Object Creator (standard audit) or Object Schema (unified audit) or Object Name, or the wrong values, are returned for the auditable actions just performed, this is a finding. If correct values for User Host and Terminal are not returned when applicable, this is a finding. If Unified Auditing is used, the following view can be useful for reviewing its output: CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW SYS.UNIFIED_AUDIT_TRAIL ( AUDIT_TYPE, SESSIONID, PROXY_SESSIONID, OS_USERNAME, USERHOST, TERMINAL, INSTANCE_ID, DBID, AUTHENTICATION_TYPE, DBUSERNAME, DBPROXY_USERNAME, EXTERNAL_USERID, GLOBAL_USERID, CLIENT_PROGRAM_NAME, DBLINK_INFO, XS_USER_NAME, XS_SESSIONID, ENTRY_ID, STATEMENT_ID, EVENT_TIMESTAMP, ACTION_NAME, RETURN_CODE, OS_PROCESS, TRANSACTION_ID, SCN, EXECUTION_ID, OBJECT_SCHEMA, OBJECT_NAME, SQL_TEXT, SQL_BINDS, APPLICATION_CONTEXTS, CLIENT_IDENTIFIER, NEW_SCHEMA, NEW_NAME, OBJECT_EDITION, SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE_USED, SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE, AUDIT_OPTION, OBJECT_PRIVILEGES, ROLE, TARGET_USER, EXCLUDED_USER, EXCLUDED_SCHEMA, EXCLUDED_OBJECT, ADDITIONAL_INFO, UNIFIED_AUDIT_POLICIES, FGA_POLICY_NAME, XS_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT, XS_ENTITY_TYPE, XS_TARGET_PRINCIPAL_NAME, XS_PROXY_USER_NAME, XS_DATASEC_POLICY_NAME, XS_SCHEMA_NAME, XS_CALLBACK_EVENT_TYPE, XS_PACKAGE_NAME, XS_PROCEDURE_NAME, XS_ENABLED_ROLE, XS_COOKIE, XS_NS_NAME, XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE, XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_OLD_VAL, XS_NS_ATTRIBUTE_NEW_VAL, DV_ACTION_CODE, DV_ACTION_NAME, DV_EXTENDED_ACTION_CODE, DV_GRANTEE, DV_RETURN_CODE, DV_ACTION_OBJECT_NAME, DV_RULE_SET_NAME, DV_COMMENT, DV_FACTOR_CONTEXT, DV_OBJECT_STATUS, OLS_POLICY_NAME, OLS_GRANTEE, OLS_MAX_READ_LABEL, OLS_MAX_WRITE_LABEL, OLS_MIN_WRITE_LABEL, OLS_PRIVILEGES_GRANTED, OLS_PROGRAM_UNIT_NAME, OLS_PRIVILEGES_USED, OLS_STRING_LABEL, OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_TYPE, OLS_LABEL_COMPONENT_NAME, OLS_PARENT_GROUP_NAME, OLS_OLD_VALUE, OLS_NEW_VALUE, RMAN_SESSION_RECID, RMAN_SESSION_STAMP, RMAN_OPERATION, RMAN_OBJECT_TYPE, RMAN_DEVICE_TYPE, DP_TEXT_PARAMETERS1, DP_BOOLEAN_PARAMETERS1, DIRECT_PATH_NUM_COLUMNS_LOADED ) AS SELECT act.component, sessionid, proxy_sessionid, os_user, host_name, terminal, instance_id, dbid, authentication_type, userid, proxy_userid, external_userid, global_userid, client_program_name, dblink_info, xs_user_name, xs_sessionid, entry_id, statement_id, CAST (event_timestamp AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE), act.name, return_code, os_process, transaction_id, scn, execution_id, obj_owner, obj_name, sql_text, sql_binds, application_contexts, client_identifier, new_owner, new_name, object_edition, system_privilege_used, spx.name, aom.name, object_privileges, role, target_user, excluded_user, excluded_schema, excluded_object, additional_info, unified_audit_policies, fga_policy_name, xs_inactivity_timeout, xs_entity_type, xs_target_principal_name, xs_proxy_user_name, xs_datasec_policy_name, xs_schema_name, xs_callback_event_type, xs_package_name, xs_procedure_name, xs_enabled_role, xs_cookie, xs_ns_name, xs_ns_attribute, xs_ns_attribute_old_val, xs_ns_attribute_new_val, dv_action_code, dv_action_name, dv_extended_action_code, dv_grantee, dv_return_code, dv_action_object_name, dv_rule_set_name, dv_comment, dv_factor_context, dv_object_status, ols_policy_name, ols_grantee, ols_max_read_label, ols_max_write_label, ols_min_write_label, ols_privileges_granted, ols_program_unit_name, ols_privileges_used, ols_string_label, ols_label_component_type, ols_label_component_name, ols_parent_group_name, ols_old_value, ols_new_value, rman_session_recid, rman_session_stamp, rman_operation, rman_object_type, rman_device_type, dp_text_parameters1, dp_boolean_parameters1, direct_path_num_columns_loaded FROM gv$unified_audit_trail uview, all_unified_audit_actions act, system_privilege_map spx, stmt_audit_option_map aom WHERE uview.action = act.action(+) AND -uview.system_privilege = spx.privilege(+) AND uview.audit_option = aom.option#(+) AND uview.audit_type = act.TYPE;
Configure the DBMS's auditing to audit standard and organization-defined auditable events, the audit record to include where the event occurred. If preferred, use a third-party or custom tool.
If using a third-party product, proceed in accordance with the product documentation. If using Oracle's capabilities, proceed as follows.
If Standard Auditing is used:
Use this process to ensure auditable events are captured:
ALTER SYSTEM SET AUDIT_TRAIL=
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