SQL Server must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users).

From MS SQL Server 2014 Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide

Associated with: CCI-000764

SV-82353r1_rule SQL Server must uniquely identify and authenticate organizational users (or processes acting on behalf of organizational users).

Vulnerability discussion

To ensure accountability and prevent unauthorized SQL Server access, organizational users shall be identified and authenticated.Organizational users include organizational employees and individuals the organization deems to have equivalent status of employees (e.g., contractors, guest researchers, individuals from allied nations).Users (and any processes acting on behalf of users) must be uniquely identified and authenticated for all accesses other than those accesses explicitly identified and documented by the organization, which must outline specific user actions that can be performed on SQL Server without identification or authentication.

Check content

Review SQL Server users to determine whether shared accounts exist. (This does not include the case where SQL Server has a guest or public account that is providing access to publicly available information.) If accounts are determined to be shared, determine if individuals are first individually authenticated. If individuals are not individually authenticated before using the shared account (e.g., by the operating system or possibly by an application making calls to the database), this is a finding. If accounts are determined to be shared, determine if they are directly accessible to end users. If so, this is a finding.

Fix text

Remove user-accessible shared accounts and use individual userids. Build/configure applications to ensure successful individual authentication prior to shared account access. Ensure each user's identity is received and used in audit data in all relevant circumstances.

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